Analysis Of Thomas Green s A On The Company s Hierarchy...

QUESTION # 2 DREXEL ID # 13892116 Q.2 A. Thomas Green has portrayed a formalist structure in which he has focused too much on the company’s hierarchy and neglected opportunities that could have emerged from informal connections. He is also a biased leader, as he sought advice or shared his knowledge with other managers and his contacts from his previous job, which reinforced his biases instead of giving him a fresh or contradictory perspective. He also shows signs of a disconnected expert, who sticks with people that keep him focused on safe competencies instead of pushing him to develop new proficiencies. The fact that Thomas Green prefers working independently is a big drawback that needs to change. To be†¦show more content†¦Not only did they hamper his thought process, they also lacked the outside knowledge he needed. Green has to be careful about who he lets influence his thinking. He has a small core network, which should be expanded so as to facilitate more learning, less bias in decision-making and greater personal growth. Thomas green can begin by understanding the individuals in his network, like whether they are within or outside your team? How is this relationship beneficial? How fulfilling are those interactions? Secondly Thomas should start identifying individuals who can offer him new information, who inspire innovation and can increase his market awareness. He must focus on formally powerful people like Shannon McDonald, who not only provided him with political support but also can provide influence, mentoring, resources and help coordinating projects. Most importantly, Green requires people who can challenge his decisions, push him to be better and give developmental feedback. â€Å"I must say, though, I’ve had a couple of good chats with managers from another part of Dynamic Displays, and they‘re supportive. They told me to stand my ground. † This statement clearly shows that green has in his network, de-energizer’s, who critique people instead of ideas and fail to create opportunities. They create

The Federal Government - 1353 Words

The wonders of the federal government do diligences in keeping separation of power (Judicial, executive, and legislator) has developed in many ways since the forefathers wrote the United States Constitution. In its depiction through the judicial proceedings has led to reforming how commerce clause is viewed. Let us take the constitution as a road map. Interpreting its powers has also form how congress uses those same power when it comes to the digression of law making (Legislation branch). In Gibbons v. Ogden (1824), United States v. E.C. Knight Company (1895), Muller v. Oregon (1908), Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918), National Labor Relations Board v. Jones Laughlin Steel Corp. (1937), and Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States et al. (1964), I will illustrate how they change the way in which commerce power is handle within the federal government. The case Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) was a question of interstate regulation of steamboats and whether the license obtain to do just that between states. Interstate commerce at this time was to be interpreted since the main intention was to create a law everyone could abide. Having several states and different laws would only lead to a dysfunctions of federal government being that it dealt with New York and New Jersey. New York licensing law for out of state regulation of steamboats was invalid give that notion Chief Justice John Marshal stated that â€Å"interstate commerce was a power reserved to and by congress† Gibbons v. Ogden.Show MoreRelatedThe Government And The Federal Government867 Words   |  4 PagesThe Federal Government is the body of government that implements and administers public policy. The Federal Government Government execute all political powers. Moreover, the Federal Government according to, (Benz, 2003) is defined as â€Å"a system that divides up powers between a strong National Government and smaller local government.† In addition, (Benz, 2003) also states that the Federal Government are best used in large countries where there exists a diverse group of people with diverse needs butRead MoreThe Federal Government1588 Words   |  7 PagesThe main role of the federal government is to protect the citizen’s whether it is protecting their rights or the well-being of the citizen’s. Those are just a few roles of the government but that is not all, the government has many duties in several different sectors. The federal government faces challenging obstacles each day, especially dealing with foreign personnel hacking into their confidential systems. By exposing important data and other information not only can put the United States as aRead MoreThe Federal Government853 Words   |  4 Pagesthings that the federal government does. Can the powers of the federal government be classified into general categories? PLE ASE NOTE: I am looking for specific functions revealed by visits to agency web sites (such as â€Å"meat inspection†), and NOT generic powers listed in the Constitution (such as â€Å"coin money†). 1)The Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the federal agency that uses science to protect the nation against diseases and illnesses. 2)Federal Student Aid is a federal agency whichRead MoreThe Federal Government1620 Words   |  7 PagesThe checks and balances system provides equal rights and power to various different levels of governments. With that, this ultimately â€Å"balances† out all the rights and justices for each of the branches to prevent any dictatorship. The Federal Government consists of three branches; the Executive (President), the Legislative (Congress), and the Judicial (Supreme Court) branch. The Executive has the power to assign new judges that are later checked by the Senate (Congress). The Executive can veto anyRead MoreIndia Has a Federal Form of Government11085 Words   |  45 PagesIndia has a federal form of government, and hence a federal finance system. The essence of federal form of government is that the Centre and the State Governments should be independent of each other in their respective, constitutionally demarcated spheres of Action. Once the fundamentals of the governm ent are spelt out, it becomes equally important that each of the government should be provided with sources of raising adequate revenues to discharge the functions entrusted to it. For the successfulRead MoreThe United States And The Federal Government1057 Words   |  5 PagesBureau of Labor Statistics a federal agencies reporting to the Office of Personal Management, known as the federal government. The federal government is a perfect snapshot of how four different generations collaborate and work together, supporting and running our federal government. I think about 911 quite often; my company lost eleven victims was in the office at the World Trade Center. Back then, if the Department of Homeland Security collaborated such as the Federal Bureau of Investigation,Read MoreThe Government And The Federal Service1661 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom our government or are we demanding too much from it. It seems that over the last several years we have demanded that our government has to find ways of doing more with less. As a result of the ever-increasing demands our government is forced to face, according to Professor Paul C. Light, the American government is ill executed and the federal service is less energetic than ever before (Paul, 2008). Thus, it seems that we as Americans are not getting what we expect from our government. It is overworked;Read MoreThe Foundations Of The Fed eral Government1103 Words   |  5 PagesThe foundations of The Federal Government were based in two differing sets of beliefs. The Democratic-Republicans and The Federalists. The Federalists, however, were more influential in several aspects of governmental policy, including but not limited to the ideals that led to the ratification of the constitution, changes in foreign affairs, and the implementation of new financial policies. In fact, Federalists ideas still stand today, and they are more commonly known as modern federalism, whichRead MoreThe Power Struggle of the States and Federal Government in the United States1536 Words   |  7 Pagesto a simplistic way is the sharing of sovereignty between the national government and the local government. It is often described as the dual sovereignty of governments between the national and the local to exert power in the political system. In the US it is often been justified as one of the first to introduce federalism by the ‘foun ding fathers’ which were developed in order to escape from the overpowered central government. However, federalism in the United States is hitherto uncertain where theRead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of the Unitary, Confederation and the Federal System of the Government708 Words   |  3 PagesUnitary, Confederation and the Federal system of the Government We can look at governmental systems as a continuum from a unitary type to a confederacy with federalism sitting in the middle. The unitary government is often described as a centralized government. It is a government in which all powers held by the government belong to a single, central agency. The central government creates local units of government for its own convenience. Most of the government in the world are unitary, Great

My Personal Educational Philosophy Essay - 866 Words

Educational Philosophy Essay My personal educational philosophy is a combination of perennialism and essentialism, which leaves me uniquely well-armed to teach my subject of choice: History. History, viewed as a whole, is a monument to the achievements of Man. It is unchanging, though new aspects may be found or brought to light, and it can be viewed from many angles, it is an unchanging truth that what happened, has indeed happened. Through a thorough and guided exploration of this subject, students can learn many of the essential skills they will need to succeed later in life. My desire to teach and the development of my particular philosophy can be relatively easily derived from my own, personal, history. My earliest memorable connection with the subject that defines me came from semi-monthly trips to my great grandparents’ home in Jacksonville, TX. Every trip we would pass a large stone monument to Sam Houston, a man who was essential to the development of the state of Tex as. After enough questions about his life my parents took us on a trip to San Antonio, Texas, where the Presidio San Antonio de Bexar sits- The Alamo. Here I began to delve into military history, and the complexity of stories being written from both sides of the trenches and firing lines. Reading those stories, and the experiences of the men in them, I realized that they were experiencing feelings similar to ones that regular people experience on a daily basis: anxiety, depression, self-doubt, andShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy Of Education938 Words   |  4 PagesPHILOSOPHY ESSAY 2 I remember my history teacher. He would often chat with me in German before or after class; sometimes helping explain certain nuances of the language. However, I can’t tell you what information we covered that year, let alone if it was American History, or Ancient History. Can you remember anything specific from your history class in high school? My hope is that ifRead More A Labor of Love Essay974 Words   |  4 Pagesbecoming a teacher, my goals are to motivate children to become lifelong learners, inspire them to never give up on their ambitions, while providing them with a solid academic foundation. Only then will my professional objectives be achieved. When exploring educational philosophies, it became very apparent that it is a highly debatable and extremely personal decision. My educational philosophy is an eclectic blending of each of the philosophies, along with my individual principlesRead MoreIntelligence and Character1284 Words   |  6 Pagestime in my life. Although the questions are in a more mature format, such as, â€Å"What are you majoring in?† and â€Å"What are you going to do with your life?† I have always answered this question with the same response. I want to be a teacher. Throughout my entire life I have respected and looked up to all of my teachers, as well as admired my parents, who are both educators. However, during my lifetime of playing â€Å"teacher† I have never actually thought about my personal educational philosophy. Yet, IRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy of Education958 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Education It is customary that on New Year’s Eve, we make New Year resolution. The fact is that we are making a set of guideline that we want to live by. These are motives that we seek to achieve. In a similar way, teachers live by philosophy. This essay focuses on my personal philosophy of education. It unfolds the function of philosophy in a teacher’s life, my view on the purpose of education, the student teacher- relationship and the philosophy which influences myRead MorePhilosophy of Education985 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Special Education Christina L. Richardson Grand Canyon University: SPE-529N November 18, 2012 My Personal Philosophy of Special Education As educators, we need a foundation for why we want to teach, where students with different disabilities fit in that foundation, a rationale for how we teach, and a principle that keeps us striving to be the best educators we can be. The purpose of this essay is to point out what I believe the foundation, student location, rationaleRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Nursing1330 Words   |  6 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Nursing The purpose of this essay is to depict the personal philosophy of nursing and any future aspirations I have acquired in my first semester of nursing school. Before I can create my own philosophy of nursing, I must first understand and define what philosophy is and how it relates to nursing. According to  the Oxford Dictionary, philosophy is â€Å"the study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence, especially when considered as an academic discipline†Read MoreAcademic Success : Career Goals1088 Words   |  5 PagesAcademic Success Educational success is important if you want to reach the goals for a successful career in life. This course was beneficial in helping to reach the educational success need to prepare for your career. The first lesson learned is your learning style to help become successful. Even though one style of learning is only needed to succeed, learning different styles of learning will give you greater success. This essay will explain what was learned and how it will be applied inRead MoreBehaviour Management Essay1653 Words   |  7 PagesThis essay will compare and contrast two theories of behaviour management by Carl Rogers and BF Skinner and argue ways in which one of these theories could be implemented for a particular context and practice. Roger’s theory is based on a humanistic approach, while Skinner’s theory takes a behaviourist approach; each theory has both benefits and shortcomings. Their views form opposite ends of the learning spectrum. These theories will be examined as their respective works address the underlying issueRead MoreThe Contributions Of John Stuart Mill1250 Words   |  5 Pageswhich highlighted the demand for a scientific foundation for philosophy, as well as a humanist approach to economics politics. It was this foundation from whic h James Mill urged and advanced his eldest son s education from a very early age. John Stuart studied Greek at age three and Latin at eight, and he was asked to recite everything he had learned to his father every day. John Stuart also studied mathematics and science for his personal enjoyment and would engage in long discussions with his fatherRead MoreAutonomy Means Behaving And Thinking Independently Of Others1528 Words   |  7 Pageschildhood education. So, this essay will discuss the sense of autonomy required for children to grow as explored in the work of two great educational philosophers, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Maria Montessori. Furthermore, every child get different levels of autonomy depend on the family, customs, traditions, rules and regulations of the country where they live. I got birth in India and spend my childhood there. The essay will further explore the level of freedom which I got in my childhood with the critical

The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Tennessee Valley...

The Civilian Conservation Corps and the Tennessee Valley Authority had positive impacts on work and the environment during the great depression. The bill proposing the Civilian Conservation Corps was voted on and passed on March 31, 1933 under President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. In addition, the Tennessee Valley Authority was formed May 18 of this same year to work on easing environmental strains in the Tennessee Valley. Roosevelt’s goal when he became president was to improve the economy and environment, and to help raise America from the depression. When he had been governor of New York he had created a public works program similar to the TVA on a smaller scale and it had been met with success. As a result he was encouraged to expand†¦show more content†¦Easy navigation and flood control encouraged trade along the river, which boosted the economy and led to an increase in jobs for traders, deckhands, etc. (US History TVA). In addition to providing increased trade o pportunities, large amounts of money that would have been spent on the flood damage that were saved by the construction of these dams. A few years into the program, stations were created in the area to monitor flooding. Reports from these stations, in addition to computer calculations, show that the total cost of the flood damage up until 2007 would have been $5.8 billion (TVA River Neighbors). The flooding would have destroyed not only people’s homes, but also their businesses and livelihoods., which would have led to further unemployment. The TVA was more successful in helping the environment because it greatly improved the condition of the land in the Tennessee Valley, which was thought to be irreparable. A major goal of Roosevelts going into his first presidential term was land preservation. â€Å"A nation that destroys its soils destroys itself. Forests are the lungs of our land, purifying the air and giving fresh strength to our people†(Roosevelt). The area of the Tennessee Valley was so badly damaged, the land was believed by some to be nearly beyond repair. As reported by the assistant secretary of agriculture at the time, Rexford Tugwell, the land conditions in the Tennessee Valley were â€Å"little better, if any, than that of the earlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Importance of the New Deal in the 1920s666 Words   |  3 Pagesand trade unionist. In the 1920s there was many issues that were in need of resolution. Issues that were pressing such as effected individuals from The Great Depression. The civilian conservation corps was established in order to provide jobs for men who were seeking work across the nation, the Civilian Conservation Corps provided jobs in national parks that were in need of improvements and road construction as well. In the same fashion, The Public Works Administration, generated an economic stimulationRead MoreThe Economic Disaster Of Overproduction And Underconsumption Created The Great Depression820 Words   |  4 Pagesoverproduction and underconsumption in the Great Depression in the 1920s. Emergency Banking Relief Act, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), Civil Works Administration (CWA), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA ) are New Deal programs (Barnes Bowles, 2014). Emergency Banking Relief Act (1933) passed by Congress allowed the Treasury Department the power to control and inspect forRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal1119 Words   |  5 Pages As of a result of the government programs created by the New Deal, restoring American morale was a success. The Tennessee Valley was hit very hard by the economic downturn. Since the soil was poor, far mers has poor crop yields. The main source of income for the region was crops. Perhaps one of the most ambitious programs that was a part of the New Deal, the Tennessee Valley Authority, or the TVA, helped fix these problems therefore restoring morale in a very important farming region of the countryRead MoreThe Great Depression By Franklin D. Roosevelt1653 Words   |  7 Pagessome of these were: the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC), Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), Civil Works Administration (CWA), Federal Housing Administration (FHA), National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA), Works Progress Administration (WPA), and the Social Security Act. During the time of the New Deal, preservation and eco-friendly programs were created, two key ones were: the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Tennessee Valley Authority. The Civilian Conservation Corps was created to combat unemploymentRead MoreThe New Deal Forever Changed The Federal Governments890 Words   |  4 Pageseradicate poverty and unemployment. Many referred to this as the three R s - Recovery, Relief and Reform. Key Initiatives: 1). Ended Prohibition through ratification of the 21st Amendment. 2). Tennessee Valley Authority Act signed into law. This allowed the government to build dams along the Tennessee River to control flooding and generate inexpensive hydroelectric power for the people of the region 3). Agricultural Adjustment Act - Farmers were paid to allow their crops to fallow which endedRead MoreRoosevelts New Deal1480 Words   |  6 Pagesabout the reduction in veterans’ benefits because a large majority of the American voters were World War One veterans. Programs to follow were directed at conservation of the environment and relief for farmers. To preserve the environment throughout America and to reduce the amount of unemployed in the cities, a Civilian Conservation Corps was created. The CCC’s purpose was â€Å"†¦to take possibly half a million young men out of the cities and put them in camps where they would plant trees, protectRead MoreFDR’s Alphabet Soup1364 Words   |  6 Pagesannounced over the airwaves another Fireside Chat discussing the details of programs now put into place for the country start the process of recovery. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) started on March 31, 1933. It was ran by the U.S. Army with more than 3 million young men and adults during it course working on building roads, trails, conservation damns, campgrounds, drainage swamps, renovations of historic buildings and instillation of telephone poles across the country. The CCC also provided employmentRead MoreThe Stock Mar ket Crash Of 19291273 Words   |  6 PagesThe first law is the Tennessee Valley Authority Act. FDR signed this act on May 18, 1933 in order to create the TVA as a Federal Corporation. This particular agency was tasked with facing important problems caused by flooding, erosion, steady emigration, and a deficient economy in the Tennessee Valley. Examples of such tasks include dealing with flooding, providing electricity to homes and businesses, and replanting the forests. The TVA also improved travel on the Tennessee River and helped developRead MoreEssay on Who was the most helpful during the Great Depression628 Words   |  3 Pagesbanking program, agricultural aid laws, and a new plan for industrial recovery. To meet the immediate crisis of starvation and the dire needs of the nation’s unemployed, FDR provided for direct cash relief for the poor, and established the Civilian Conservation Corps and the Public Works Administration. Thousands of men throughout the country began working to build bridges, roads, and sewage systems and to plant trees. His Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) guaranteed the bank savings of AmericanRead MoreHow President Roosevelt Become The Hero And The New Deal Saves The Economy1531 Words   |  7 PagesMississippi valley a bad drought occurred bringing the situations so bad that many could not pay taxes, other debt they may had and farmers weren t making profits for themselves. There were many attempts to stop the Great Depression, under the New Deal created by President Roosevelt and it was a group of people. The five attempts are the Social Security Act, ICA (Federal Insurance Contributions Act), Tennessee Valley Authority, Work Progress Administration, and Civilian Conservation Corps. Starting

Software Developing Free Essays

The software was developed iteratively by submitting module by module. The requirements were changing time-to-time and the software had to go many changes throughout the development. Small chunks were developing from time-to-time which required some changes to be incorporated in the system. We will write a custom essay sample on Software Developing or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the meanwhile the developed modules were tested and the feedback was collected continuously to incorporate in our system. The initial version of the software was released with some simple functionalities and the changes and feedback and requirements were updated which added some advancement to the software we developed. 2.2 Architectural Strategies 2.2.1 Programming Language Python- As python is one of the world’s powerful programming languages it gives some of the built-in modules for development which makes system faster and easy for development. The classes and methods are developed using python. The prediction model uses some of the libraries in python. PromQL- The query for extraction and generation of the graphs has been written in PromQL query language 2.2.2 Future Plans As it comes to the future it will be taking the corrective actions automatically which means using AI agents for handling all the aspects of failure and recovery of the system. The enhancement includes chatbot implementation for limited set of queries about the usage stats and analysis of the data. 2.2.3 User Interface Paradigm The user will be provided with the dashboard for the results and reports generated. The dashboard provides various features like querying on the data and stats about the usage of resources and various functionalities. The predictive analysis will be shown in a console of the IDE PyCharm. The user will be given set of values through which the user get an idea about the usage. 2.2.4 Error Detection and Recovery ErrorDetection is carried out by user testing and slack bot has been setup to report the bug in the system. The different datasets are used for testing the ARIMA model has been carried out to test the efficiency of the system.Recovery has been done by alerting the user about the crash in the system using slack automated system and the systems stable state (previous state) will be restored. 2.2.5 Data Storage Management The data are extracted from the exporters and stored in a csv file. The extraction happens between an interval of 5 sec. As the data will be not accessed frequently and modified the data is stored on the stable storage within the machine running the programs. 2.2.6 Communication Mechanism Prometheus used http protocol to communicate with its client system and members. Message passing mechanism will be used to communicate with the exporters for the extraction of the raw data about usage of the resources. Grafana uses http protocol for extraction of the data from prometheus. The data will be passed by prometheus to grafana using the endpoint ‘/metrics’. 2.2.7 Graph Generation Mechanism The prometheus tool uses a query language called PromQL used for aggregating the extracted data and based on those factors the graphs will be generated. 2.3 System Architecture As it comes to system architecture typical style has been used which is separate modules and microservices has been used to build the system.Figure 2.2 System Architecture 2.4 Data Flow Diagrams2. 4.1 Data Flow Diagram – Level 0 Figure 2.3 Data Flow Diagram – Level 0 Initial step is to collect the data from the system (AWS) and the data are stored in CSV file for further analysis. Prometheus is used for real time monitoring of the AWS instances and generation of usage graphs. 2.4.2 Data Flow Diagram – Level 1Figure 2.4 Data Flow Diagram – Level 1 Exporters are installed for extracting the metrics from the AWS instances , which is then used by Prometheus monitoring tool for the usage graph generation and the extracted data will be stored in the CSV for further analysis 2.4.3 Data Flow Diagram – Level 2Figure 2.5 Data Flow Diagram – Level 2 Different exporters are installed to get the metrics from different instances, where each exporter will be used by Prometheus to get the data for graph and usage stats generation.Predictive analysis will be done on the stored data using the ARIMA model. How to cite Software Developing, Papers

Vietnamese Education Problems free essay sample

Education Problems In the process of development of country, education is always put on the priority. Nowadays, education in Vietnam meet a lot of problems need to be solved. Including, school fee, infrastructure and curriculum are three main problems make student’s difficulties and make quality of education not good at all. The first problem is school fee, which increases quickly in every year. When the development in every area does not balance, school fee is not a problem for the rich but it becomes a trouble of students, who live in poor provinces. They do not have enough money to pay, parents must work a lot and save all their earning for their children’s school fee but it is still not enough for a long course. A lot of students must delay or drop out of school because of living condition. If students want to study continuously, they have to work part time. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnamese Education Problems or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can’t focus on studying, so their result may be affected. There will be a big waste of Vietnamese education if good students can’t study more. Government should care more about school fee, about poor students and correct education policy in each region to decrease a number of students drop out of schools. The second problem is infrastructure. Schools don’t have enough infrastructures for teaching and studying. Most of schools lack of laboratory and machine room. Students just learn theory lessons and don’t practice, so when graduate, they work but can’t translate theory into practice. Moreover, schools in the city can have a good infrastructure, but in some area students don’t have any good condition such as school, tables, seats, boards, and books, etc. hey must learn in unsettled rooms, which were built by bamboo and straw grass. If it rain, the room will be wet and leaking. So these schools are not safe for students and teachers. In order to solve this problem, government should invent more capital in education and attach special importance to poor or mountainous region. The last but not small in Vietnamese education is curriculum. Students in Vietnam must study a lot while students in foreign study less, they focus more on soft skills. Every day, children bring a lot of books to school and learn most of days in week at school. In day, children learn a lot of topics but they can’t understand or remember all of them, so they must learn more at home. And the result, studying holds back children development. They don’t have enough time to relax or play sports, they can’t be really active. Furthermore, students in Vietnam lack of soft skills that are very important. Lacking of soft skill, students can’t work effectively when they graduate. Government should consider education from all sides to reduce the curriculum for students and help them more development not only knowledge but also soft skills. To have a good education and impulse the development of country, government school care more and solve quickly three difficult problems: school fee, infrastructure, and curriculum. Moreover, students in poor regions and difficult condition must be care more to have a change to develop. Vietnamese education will be better and won’t waste talents if three problems can be solved quickly.

Zuni Indian free essay sample

One of the most exciting events I attended in New Mexico was the museum presentation of the Zuni tribe. Although we actually did not meet the Zuni tribe, we learned a lot about them because Dawn Kaufmann who is a guide at the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture shown us in details how Zuni tribe is different from other tribes in New Mexico. In terms of their origin, Japanese migrated to the North America and those decedents had strong connection with Zuni and influenced Zuni culture. I became so fascinated by this information that I started researching the Japanese influence on Zuni culture, which might be reflected in Zuni artworks such as potteries and quilts, and other cultural connections . Nancy Yaw Davis mentioned in his book, The Zuni Enigma, that Zuni language and culture are the result of merger with a group of 13th century Japanese pilgrims because many disasters such as storms, earthquakes, floods, and drought initiated the pilgrimage (35). They crossed the ocean to the east, arrived in California, and moved on and arrived at Zuni, settling there by 1350AD. She displays considerable evidence linking Zuni and Japanese language, culture, and physiology. For instance, the Zuni language bears no resemblance to other North American languages, but exhibits similarities to old Japanese: Zuni religion bears similarities to Shinto, both of which share a high incidence of a kidney disease, and skull which remains show unusual dental features in common between Zuni and Japanese. Thanks to the great trip to New Mexico, I could encounter with possible descendants of Japanese. I focus on Zuni people, religion, and kin and clan, and find out how they live in the United States. The reservation of the Zuni Indian is located in the southwestern corner in western New Mexico and consists of approximately 12,000 people. Its area comprises of 342,046 acres, and this is high, rugged ground, with an average elevation of 7,100 feet (Leighton and Adair 6). There are no many trees to protect people from strong sun rights to protect the soils from being washed away by heavy rains and severe wind in summer or spring. There is also a tremendous daily swing in the temperature. Zuni people were initially occupied sporadically for thousands of years by nomadic hunter-gathers who were attracted by the abundant wildlife in nearby mountains and streams. The village had been established in the area by about 400AD. Many groups migrated through the area between 1130 and 1150. Gradually, in the late 1200s, many groups united with progressively larger and larger communities in western New Mexico and northern Arizona and formed today’s Pueblo (Lanmon 5). As to the people themselves, the Zuni adults seem to be short of stature and light bone. According to Nancy Yaw Davis, â€Å"the height of the men varies more than the women’s, but generally the population is short, averaging about five feet and four inches† (6). Generally speaking, both Zuni men and women are inclined to gain weight in the middle age. Some Zuni are believed to have â€Å"thrifty gene,† which was biologically adaptive in the past, making it easier for the body to store food for lean times (Leighton and Adair 6). The gene is linked to weight problems and a high incidence of diabetes. Zuni women are more likely to be obese because of bearing several children (6). The Zuni have thin faces and small facial features. They have healthy dark skin and shiny straight black hair. Every time when I saw their pictures displayed in the Museum of Indian Arts and Culture, it reminded me of Asian people. The Zuni traditional costume differs from that of other Indians of the Southwest. For example, the older and more conservative women still wear their black and indigo mantas which are woven by the Hopi men and traded to the Zuni (8). The manta is a traditionally hand woven garment and is made as a gift to the bride at her marriage. The manta passes over the right shoulder and under the left arm. The traditional women’s hair style is parted in front and brushed to either side, where it is cut just below the ear on a horizontal line. The hair on the back of the scalp is gathered in a long bun, and held in place by a brightly colored cotton band. On the other hand, the men’s clothes are much less distinctive. They consist of Levis and work short, except on ceremonial occasions when the costumes are tremendously elaborated (8). According to Leighton and Adair, â€Å"Linguists classify the Zuni speech as a separate linguistic stock, distinct from that of other pueblos, and call it Zunian† (8). Zunian is considered language isolate which has no connection to other Native American language. Thus, a number of possible relationships to languages other than Native American languages have been proposed by various researchers. For example, Davis mentioned relationship between Zunian and Japanese and gave an example of Zuni veteran. He had been a prisoner of the Japanese for nearly three years during World War II and had noted some remarkable similarities between his language and Japanese: the constant-vowel pattern, the grammatical structure, and an occasional, vaguely familiar word such as yama for mountain, which is Zunian is yala (Davis122). I actually encountered with many vaguely familiar words when studying Native Americans cultures such as Kachina, Sacagawea, and Maria Montoya Martinez. Both Zunian and Japanese are unique and distinct from all the world’s languages, and I believe that there is language connection between Zuni and Japanese. Moreover, Zunian is not only the language and a way of communication; it also helps in teaching traditions to younger generations. As time progresses, the quality and amount of language spoken is affected by other languages such as English and Spanish. However, all generations can speak both Zunian and English fluently today (5). The Zunian traditionally learned from elders and parents by words of mouth. Many projects have been established to transform the knowledge communicated in spoken language to written form such as books. The language is incorporated into teaching methods in public schools and other cultural resources. For instance, the Zuni literacy program was introduced into the School District in 1989. The Zuni Public School District media centers were awarded an electronic storage to restore Zunian language from Apple as part of its Apple Library of Tomorrow Program. According to the official website of the Zuni tribe, this equipment has allowed the district to begin production of both print and electronic versions of the first bilingual Zuni-English Dictionary. The crucial part of the Zuni social structure is the Zuni religion. Zuni, even those who claims to be Christian, still practice their native religion. The Zuni religious and ceremonial system consists of numerous cult groups. The cult with the greatest connection of powerful knowledge is that of the Rain Priests, the Ashiwanni. There are twelve such priests, among whom four are more sacred than others. These four are equated with the cardinal directions and the Priest of the North rules all. All the political and religious power concentrate in the hands of these priests The religious structure consists of five other groups in addition to that of the Rain Priests such as the cult of Sun, Katchina, Katchina Priests, War Gods, and Beast Gods. For example, the cult of Sun is led by the Pekwin which is one of the most holy priests, and it is his duty to watch the sun. He sets up the altars for ceremonies and initiates new priests. The sun is thought of as the source of all life, and the devout Zuni greets each morning with prayer. This is the smallest cult and has no female members (Cheek, â€Å"The Zuni Religion†). Moreover, the cult of the Katchina contains six esoteric kiva societies, each of which is associated with a direction, animal and color. Most dances in Zuni are performed by these kivas and every Zuni male belongs to one of these six kiva groups (Cheek, â€Å"The Zuni Religion†). There are three primary series of Kachina dances at Zuni: one held for a period of three months after the winter solstice, the second for the three months after the summer solstice, and the third during the Shalako. One of the most famous of the Kachina dances, Shalako, is held every December to celebrate the end of the year and the beginning of the New Year and to bless all of the houses erected during in Pueblo during the year. It is the culmination of forty-nine day ceremonial for which preparations have required a full year. Five to eight houses have to be remodeled or newly built in preparation for the dancers (Cheek, â€Å"The Zuni Religion†). There should be eight new houses. The next emphasis will be upon kin and clans. Kinship systems address how a society perpetuates itself through prescribed marriage patterns, and then with the long-term investment of civilizing the babies born. Aspects of the social organization of a culture are reflected through kin terms that connote those systems (Davis 148). The expectant mother and her spouse are restricted in their behavior. All potential factors that they think harmful to the fetus must be avoided at all costs. For example, the wife may not look upon a dead person; her husband may not hunt for wild animals. If the woman mixes different kinds of meat dishes at the same meal, she will have twins. According to Leighton and Adair, twins are considered as bad luck (60). Thus care is taken to avoid giving birth to them. If a male child is wanted, boys of the household are permitted to present in the room during delivery, whereas girls may be there if a female child is desired. They are not permitted to see the actual act of birth, however, which is screened from them by blankets held up around the mother. At birth, a midwife who is a member of one of the curing societies is called in to assist with the delivery. There are four or five such women in the village, who deliver children according to traditional ways (61). Soon after birth the newborn child, if a boy, is symbolically initiated into the ritual life of the village by one of the women from the father’s household. She touches the child and thereby pledges him to the kiva of her husband (Cheek, â€Å"The Zuni Religion†). In addition, she cuts the navel cord and daubs it with raw fat and unbaked bread dough. Leighton and Adair mentioned that: When the cord dries up and falls off the navel is treated by rubbing it with dirt from the doorstep. This dirt will keep the navel shut, as it has been trod on by so many feet. Compulsive magic determines the disposal of the cord: that of a girl is buried under a grinding stone, where she must spend many hours grinding corn as a mature woman; that of a boy is buried in the corn field, where he must till the crops. (62) The new born child is nursed with breast milk right after the bed has been prepared, and is allowed to suck even if mother’s milk has not yet come. If the milk does not run for several days, a woman from the mother’s household who has a nursing child acts as a nurse until the mother can take over. The child is protected from witches from the first day of his life. Turquoise and flint are placed in the cradle for protection. Some parents will not leave a baby alone on a room for fear that a witch might steal it and induct the infant into witch society (63). As the children grow up they are require to do various chores around the house. One of the first tasks assigned to both boys and girls is to carry wood for the stove and fireplace. During these years of growing up, the girls are trained to help their mothers while the boys learn to be farmers and stockmen. In the earlier days the girls started to learn to make pottery when they were about fourteen years old (66). There are two stages of initiation for a boy. When a boy is about five to nine years old, he is whipped by the Kachinas with yucca whips as a rite of exorcism. When he is twelve to fourteen, he goes through his second initiation. He is whipped again, but this time he is allowed to see the Kachinas unmasked and dance with them. He is told the secrets of the kiva and gives ceremonial status (Cheek, â€Å"The Zuni Religion†). A man’s identity is significant through his father’s side with kiva groups, medicine societies, and Kachina societies, which cut across household clan affiliation (Davis 150). This thick organizational complexity does not seem to apply to women. As the child gets on to adolescence, the Zuni parents of the present day have greater disciplinary problems, especially with girls. At Zuni there is no puberty ceremony for the girls, as there is in many North American Indians tribes (Leighton and Adair 74). Even within the family no fuss is made over girls on this occasion; they are neither excluded from society nor surrounded by taboo as are Indian girls elsewhere. Premarital sex for girls before marriage is condemned, but there is a double standard of morality and the boys are expected to have sexual experience before marriage (75). If a girl and a boy decide to marry, he goes to her house and obtains the permission from her father. The Zuni people seem rich in relatives and matrilineal society but men also have strong connection with society.